Nr Learning objectives Notes/ PPLA/ PPLH 030 00 00 00 FLIGHT PERFORMANCE AND PLANNING 030 00 00 00 FLIGHT PLANNING AND FLIGHT MONITORING 033 01 00 00 FLIGHT PLANNING FOR VFR FLIGHTS 033 01 01 00 VFR Navigation plan 033 01 01 01 Routes, airfields, heights and altitudes from VFR charts LO Select routes and altitudes taking the following criteria into account: PPLA, PPLH - Classification of airspace - Controlled airspace - Uncontrolled airspace - Restricted areas - Minimum safe altitudes - VFR Semi-circular rules - Conspicuous points - Navigation aids LO Calculate the vertical and/or horizontal distance and time to climb to a given level or altitude PPLA, PPLH LO Calculate the vertical and/or horizontal distance and time to descend from a given level or altitude PPLA, PPLH LO Find the frequency and/or identifiers of radio navigation aids from charts PPLA, PPLH 033 01 01 02 Courses and distances from VFR charts LO Choose waypoints in accordance with specified criteria PPLA, PPLH LO Calculate, or obtain from the chart, courses and distances PPLA, PPLH LO Find the highest obstacle within a given distance either side of the course PPLA, PPLH LO Find the following data from the chart and transfer to the navigation plan: PPLA, PPLH - Waypoints and/or turning points - Distances - True/magnetic courses 033 01 01 03 Aerodrome Charts and Aerodrome Directory LO Explain the reasons for studying the visual departure procedures and the available approach procedures PPLA, PPLH LO Find all visual procedures which can be expected at the departure, destination and alternate airfields PPLA, PPLH LO Find the following data from the charts or directory: PPLA, PPLH - Aerodrome regulations and opening hours - Terrain high points and man made structures - Altitudes - Courses and radials - Helipads (for helicopter only) - Any other relevant information Communications and Radio Navigation planning data LO Find communication frequencies and call signs for the following: PPLA, PPLH - control agencies and service facilities - flight information services - weather information stations - Automatic Terminal Information Service LO Find the frequency and/or identifier of appropriate radio navigation aids PPLA, PPLH 033 01 01 05 Completion of navigation plan LO Complete the navigation plan with the courses and distances as taken from charts PPLA, PPLH LO Find departure and arrival routes PPLA, PPLH LO Determine the position of the top of climb (TOC) and top of descend (TOD) given appropriate data PPLA, PPLH LO Determine variation and calculate magnetic courses PPLA, PPLH LO Calculate the True Air Speed (TAS) given aircraft performance data, altitude and outside air temperature (OAT) PPLA, PPLH LO Calculate Wind Correction Angles (WCA) / Drift and Ground Speeds (GS) PPLA, PPLH LO Calculate individual and accumulated times for each leg to destination and alternate airfields PPLA, PPLH 033 03 00 00 FUEL PLANNING 033 03 01 00 General LO Convert between volume, mass and density given in different units which are commonly used in aviation PPLA, PPLH LO Determine relevant data from flight manual, such as fuel capacity, fuel flow/consumption at different power/thrust settings, altitudes and atmospheric conditions PPLA, PPLH LO Calculate attainable flight time/range given fuel flow/consumption and available amount of fuel PPLA, PPLH LO Calculate the required fuel given fuel flow/consumption and required time/range to be flown PPLA, PPLH LO Calculate the required fuel for a VFR flight given expected meteorological conditions and expected delays under defined conditions PPLA, PPLH 033 03 02 00 Pre-flight fuel planning for commercial flights PPL: Pre-flight calculation of fuel required 033 03 02 01 Taxi fuel LO Determine the fuel required for engine start and taxi by consulting the fuel usage tables and/or graphs from the flight manual taking into account all relevant conditions PPLA, PPLH 033 03 02 02 Trip fuel LO Define trip fuel and name the segments of flight for which the trip fuel is relevant PPLA, PPLH LO Determine the trip fuel for the flight using data from the navigation plan and fuel tables and/or graphs from the flight manual PPLA, PPLH 033 03 02 03 Reserve fuel and its components Contingency fuel LO Explain the reasons for having contingency fuel PPLA, PPLH Alternate fuel LO Explain the reasons and regulations for having alternate fuel and name the segments of flight for which the fuel is relevant PPLA, PPLH Final reserve fuel Explain the reasons and regulations for having final reserve fuel Additional fuel LO Explain the reasons and regulations for having additional fuel PPLA, PPLH Extra fuel LO Calculate the possible extra fuel under given conditions PPLA, PPLH Calculation of total fuel and completion of the fuel section of the navigation plan (fuel log) LO Calculate the total fuel required for a flight PPLA, PPLH LO Complete the fuel log PPLA, PPLH 033 04 00 00 PRE-FLIGHT PREPARATION 033 04 01 00 NOTAM briefing Ground facilities and services LO Check that ground facilities and services required for the planned flight are available and adequate PPLA, PPLH 033 04 01 02 Departure, destination and alternate aerodromes LO Find and analyse the latest state at the departure, destination and alternate aerodromes, in particular for: PPLA, PPLH - Opening hours - Work in Progress (WIP) - Special procedures due to Work in Progress (WIP) - Obstructions - Changes of frequencies for communications, navigation aids and facilities 033 04 01 03 Airway routings and airspace structure LO Find and analyse the latest en-route state for: PPLA, PPLH - Airway(s) or Route(s) PPLA, PPLH - Restricted, Dangerous and Prohibited areas PPLA, PPLH - Changes of frequencies for communications, navigation aids and facilities 033 04 02 00 Meteorological briefing 033 04 02 01 Extraction and analysis of relevant data from meteorological documents Remark - this item is taught and examined in subject 050) 033 04 02 02 Update of navigation plan using the latest meteorological information: LO Confirm the optimum altitude/FL given wind, temperature and aircraft data PPLA, PPLH LO Confirm true altitudes to ensure that statutory minimum clearance is attained given atmospheric data PPLA, PPLH LO Confirm magnetic headings and ground speeds PPLA, PPLH LO Confirm the individual leg times and the total time en route PPLA, PPLH LO Confirm the total time en route for the trip to the destination PPLA, PPLH LO Confirm the total time from destination to the alternate airfield PPLA, PPLH 033 04 02 03 Update of Mass and Balance Remark - this item is taught and examined in subjects 031 Update of Performance data Remark - this item is taught and examined in subject 032 for Aeroplanes and subject 034 for Helicopters 033 04 02 05 Update of fuel log LO Calculate revised fuel data in accordance with changed conditions PPLA, PPLH 033 05 00 00 ICAO FLIGHT PLAN (ATS Flight Plan) 033 05 01 00 Individual Flight Plan 033 05 01 01 Format of Flight Plan LO State the reasons for a fixed format of an ICAO ATS Flight Plan (FPL) PPLA, PPLH Determine the correct entries to complete an FPL plus decode and interpret the entries in a completed FPL, particularly for the following: - Aircraft identification (Item 7) - Flight rules and type of flight (Item 8) - Number and type of aircraft and wake turbulence category (Item 9) - Equipment (Item 10) - Departure aerodrome and time (Item 13) - Route (Item 15) - Destination aerodrome, total estimated elapsed time and Alternate aerodrome (Item 16) - Other information (Item 18) - Supplementary Information (Item 19) 033 05 01 02 Completion of an ATS Flight Plan (FPL) PPL: Completion of the flight plan LO Complete the Flight Plan using information from the following: PPLA, PPLH/ PPL, not relevant: Operator’s records for basic aircraft information - Navigation plan - Fuel plan PPLA, PPLH LO - Operator’s records for basic aircraft information PPLA, PPLH 033 06 00 00 FLIGHT MONITORING AND IN-FLIGHT RE-PLANNING 033 06 01 00 Flight monitoring 033 06 01 01 Monitoring of track and time LO Assess deviations from the planned course, headings (by maintaining desired courses) and times. PPLA, PPLH LO State the reasons for possible deviations PPLA, PPLH LO Calculate the ground speed using actual in-flight parameters PPLA, PPLH LO Calculate expected leg times using actual flight parameters PPLA, PPLH 033 06 01 02 In-flight fuel management LO Explain why fuel checks must be carried out in flight at regular intervals and why relevant fuel data must be recorded PPLA, PPLH LO Assess deviations of actual fuel consumption from planned consumption PPLA, PPLH LO State reasons for possible deviations PPLA, PPLH LO Calculate the fuel quantities used, fuel consumption and fuel remaining at navigation checkpoints/waypoints PPLA, PPLH LO Compare the actual and the planned fuel consumption by means of calculation or flight progress chart PPLA, PPLH LO Assess the remaining range and endurance by means of calculation or flight progress chart PPLA, PPLH 033 06 02 00 In-flight re-planning in case of deviation from planned data LO Justify that the commander is responsible that even in case of diversion the remaining fuel is not less than the fuel required to proceed to an aerodrome where a safe landing can be made, with final reserve fuel remaining. PPLA, PPLH LO Perform in-flight updates, if necessary, based on results of in-flight monitoring, specifically by: PPLA, PPLH/ / PPL, not relevant: Adjusting flight parameters and power settings - Selecting a new destination/alternate aerodrome - Adjusting flight parameters and power settings LO Explain why, in the case of an in-flight update, the commander has to check the following: - The suitability of the new destination and/or alternate aerodrome - Meteorological conditions on revised routing and at revised destination and/or alternate aerodrome - The aircraft must be able to land with the prescribed final reserve fuel LO Assess the revised destination/alternate aerodrome landing mass given the latest data. PPLA, PPLH