Service

Exameneisen PPL Human Performance and Limitations

Algemene informatie

Opgesteld door: CBR divisie CCV

Categoriecode en exameninformatie:

  • LVPAHPL (PPLA, LAPLA), digitaal, 12 meerkeuzevragen, cesuur 75% (9 van de 12 vragen goed)
  • LVPHHPL (PPLH, LAPLH), digitaal, 12 meerkeuzevragen, cesuur 75% (9 van de 12 vragen goed)
  • LVGCHPL (RPLGC), digitaal, 12 meerkeuzevragen, cesuur 75% (9 van de 12 vragen goed)
  • LVOPLHPL (OPPL), digitaal, 12 meerkeuzevragen, cesuur 75% (9 van de 12 vragen goed)

Alle leerdoelen die voor PPL(A/H) en LAPL(A/H) van toepassing zijn gelden ook voor OPPL. Voor RPLGC gelden dezelfde leerdoelen als PPLA.

Vastgesteld door:

Technische Commissie Human Performance and Limitations

Beoordeeld door:

  • Logistiek, Transport en Personenvervoer raad; kamer 3: Luchtvaart op 6 maart 2023

Goedgekeurd door:

  • Divisiemanager CCV op 8 maart 2023

Ingangsdatum:

1 juli 2023

Datum laatste aanpassing:

8 maart 2023

Toelichting gebruik toetstermen:

  • Eindtermen: Dit zijn de hoofdonderwerpen die in het examen voorkomen. Hierin staat 'ruim' omschreven wat er in het examen terug kan komen.
  • Toetstermen: Dit zijn onderdelen van een eindterm. Hierin staat meer uitgebreid omschreven wat er in het examen terug kan komen.
  • Tax: Dit is de taxonomiecode van Romiszowski. Deze code geeft aan op welk niveau de vragen over een toetsterm gesteld worden.

Toelichting taxonomiecode:

  • F = Feitelijke kennis. De kandidaat kan feiten reproduceren (herkennen of herinneren).
  • B = Begripsmatige kennis. De kandidaat kan begrippen of principes omschrijven.
  • R = Reproductieve vaardigheden. De kandidaat kan acties uitvoeren die volgens een vastgelegde procedure verlopen.
  • P = Productieve vaardigheden. De kandidaat kan acties uitvoeren waarbij hij zijn eigen creativiteit en inzicht nodig heeft.

Eindterm 040 01 00 00 Human factors: Basic concepts

040 01 01 00 Human factors in aviation

  • 040 01 01 01 Becoming a competent pilot

    01 State that competence is based on knowledge, skills and attitudes of an individual pilot. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH

040 01 04 00 Safety culture

  • 040 01 04 01 Safety culture and safety management

    01 Distinguish between ‘open cultures’ and ‘closed cultures’. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    05 State the important factors that promote a good safety culture. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    06 Distinguish between ‘just culture’ and ‘non-punitive culture’. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH

Eindterm 040 02 00 00 Basics of aviation physiology and health maintenance

040 02 01 00 Basics of flight physiology

  • 040 02 01 01 The Atmosphere

    01 State that the volume percentage of the gases in ambient air will remain constant at all altitudes at which conventional aircraft operate. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    p01 State the effects of increasing altitude on the available amount of oxygen in the atmosphere. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    p02 Describe the proportions of the most important gases in the air in the atmosphere. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 01 02 Respiratory and circulatory systems

    01 List the main components of the respiratory system and their function. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    02 Identify the different volumes of air in the lungs and state the normal respiratory rate. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    03 Describe the proportions of the most important gases in the air in the atmosphere. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    04 Describe the basic processes of external respiration and internal respiration. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    05 List the factors that determine pulse rate. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    06 Name the major components of the circulatory system and describe their function. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    07 State the values for a normal pulse rate of an adult at rest. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    08 Define ‘systolic’ and ‘diastolic’ blood pressure. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    09 State the normal blood pressure ranges and units of measurement. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    12 Define ‘anaemia’ and state its common causes, Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    13 Indicate the effect of increasing altitude on haemoglobin oxygen saturation. Tax: R, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 01 02 Respiratory and circulatory systems (Hypertension)

    14 Define 'hypertension’. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    15 List the effects that high and low blood pressure will have on some normal functions of the human body. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    16 State that hypertension may disqualify a pilot from obtaining medical clearance to fly. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    17 List the factors which can lead to hypertension for an individual. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    18 State the corrective actions that may be taken to reduce high blood pressure. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    19 Stress that hypertension is the major factor of strokes in the general population. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 01 02 Respiratory and circulatory systems (Coronary heart disease)

    21 Explain the major risk factors for coronary disease. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    22 State the role physical exercise plays in reducing the chances of developing coronary disease. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 01 02 Respiratory and circulatory systems (Hypoxia)

    23 Define the two major forms of hypoxia (hypoxic and anaemic) and the common causes of both. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    24 State the symptoms of hypoxia. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    25 State that healthy people are able to compensate for altitudes up to approximately 10 000 - 12 000 ft. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    27 State the altitude at which short-term memory begins to be affected by hypoxia. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    30 List the factors that determine the severity of hypoxia. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    p01 Describe possible actions to take, when suspecting hypoxia. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 01 02 Respiratory and circulatory systems (Hyperventilation)

    32 Describe the role of carbon dioxide in hyperventilation. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    33 Define the term 'hyperventilation'. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    34 List the factors that cause hyperventilation. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    35 State that hyperventilation may be caused by psychological or physiological reasons. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    36 List the signs and symptoms of hyperventilation. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    37 List the measures which may be taken to counteract hyperventilation: breath slowly, close one opening of the nose, speak loud, paper bag over nose and mouth. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 01 02 Respiratory and circulatory systems (Acceleration)

    45 Define 'linear acceleration' and 'angular acceleration'. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    46 Describe the effects of g-forces on the circulation and blood volume distribution. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    47 List magnitude, duration and onset as factors that determine the effects of acceleration on the human body. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 01 02 Respiratory and circulatory systems (Carbon Monoxide)

    50 State how the presence of carbon monoxide in the blood affects the distribution of oxygen. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    51 List the signs and symptoms of carbon-monoxide poisoning. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    52 Explain immediate countermeasures on suspicion of carbon-monoxide poisoning. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    p02 State common sources of carbon monoxide in an aircraft. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH

040 02 02 00 People and the environment: the sensory system

  • 040 02 02 01 The different senses

    01 List the different senses. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 02 02 Central, peripheral and autonomic nervous systems

    01 Define the term ‘sensory threshold’. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    02 Define the term ‘sensitivity’, especially in the context of vision. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    03 Give examples of sensory adaptation. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 02 03 Vision (Functional anatomy)

    02 State the basic functions of the parts of the eye (cornea, lens, retina). Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    03 Define ‘accommodation’. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    04 Distinguish between the functions of the rod and cone cells. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    05 Describe the distribution of rod and cone cells in the retina and explain their relevance to vision. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 02 03 Vision (The fovea (fovea centralis) and peripheral vision)

    06 Explain the terms ‘visual acuity’, ‘visual field’, ‘central vision’, ‘peripheral vision’, 'the fovea', and explain their function in the process of vision. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    07 List the factors that may degrade visual acuity and the importance of ‘lookout’. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    08 State the limitations of night vision and the different scanning techniques at both night and day. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    09 State the time necessary for the eye to adapt both to bright light and the dark. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    10 State the effect of hypoxia, smoking and altitude in excess of 5000 ft on night vision. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 02 03 Vision (Binocular and monocular vision)

    12 Distinguish between monocular and binocular vision. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    13 Explain the basis of depth perception and its relevance to flight performance. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    14 List the possible monocular cues for depth perception. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 02 03 Vision (Defective vision)

    16 Explain long-sightedness, short-sightedness and astigmatism. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    17 List the causes of and the precautions that may be taken to reduce the probability of vision loss due to: presbyopia; cataracts; glaucoma. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    18 List the types of sunglasses that could cause perceptional problems in flight. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    20 State the possible problems associated with contact lenses. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    22 Explain the significance of the ‘blind spot’ on the retina in detecting other traffic in flight. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 02 04 Hearing (Descriptive and functional anatomy)

    01 State the basic parts and functions of the outer, the middle and the inner ear. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    02 Differentiate between the functions of the vestibular apparatus and the cochlea in the inner ear. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 02 04 Hearing (Hearing loss)

    03 Define the main causes of the following hearing defects/loss: 'conductive deafness'; 'noise induced hearing loss' (NIHL); 'presbycusis'. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    04 Summarise the effects of environmental noise on hearing. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    07 List the main sources of hearing loss in the flying environment. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    08 List the precautions that may be taken to reduce the probability of onset of hearing loss. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 02 05 Equilibrium (Functional Anatomy)

    01 List the main elements of the vestibular apparatus. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    02 State the functions of the vestibular apparatus on the ground and in flight. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    03 Distinguish between the component parts of the vestibular apparatus in the detection of linear and angular acceleration as well as on gravity. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 02 05 Equilibrium (Motion sickness)

    05 Describe air sickness and its accompanying symptoms. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    06 List the causes of air sickness. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    08 Describe the necessary actions to be taken to counteract the symptoms of air sickness. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 02 06 Integration of sensory inputs

    01 State the interaction between vision, equilibrium, proprioception and hearing to obtain spatial orientation in flight. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    02 Define the term ‘illusion’. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    03 Give examples of visual illusions based on shape constancy, size constancy, aerial perspective, atmospheric perspective, the absence of focal or ambient cues, autokinesis, vectional false horizons and surface planes, and empty field myopia, Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    04 Relate these illusions to problems that may be experienced in flight and identify the danger attached to them. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    05 List approach and landing illusions for slope of the runway, black-hole approach, and terrain around runway, and state the danger involved, with recommendations to avoid or counteract the problems with high or low approach or flare at the wrong time. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    06 State the problems associated with flickering lights (strobe-lights, anti-collision lights, propellers and rotors under certain light conditions, etc.). Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    07 Describe vestibular illusions caused by the angular accelerations (the Leans, Coriolis) and linear accelerations (somatogravic, G-effect). Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    08 Relate the above-mentioned vestibular illusions to problems encountered in flight and state the dangers involved. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    09 State that the 'seat-of-the-pants’sense' is completely unreliable when visual contact with the ground is lost or when flying in instrument meteorological conditions IMC or with a poor visual horizon, Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    10 Differentiate between vertigo, Coriolis effect and spatial disorientation. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    11 List the measures to prevent or overcome spatial disorientation. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH

040 02 03 00 Health and personal fitness

  • 040 02 03 02 Body rhythm and sleep

    01 Name some internal body rhythms and their relevance to sleep. Explain that the most important of which is body temperature. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    02 Explain the term ‘circadian rhythm’. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    08 Explain the function of sleep and describe the effects of insufficient sleep on performance. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    15 Describe the main effects of lack of sleep on an individual's performance. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 03 03 Problem areas for pilots (Common Minor Ailments)

    01 State the role of the Eustachian tube in equalizing pressure between the middle ear and the environment. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    02 State that the in-flight environment may increase the severity of symptoms which may be minor while on the ground. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    03 List the negative effects of suffering from colds or flu on flight operations especially with regard to the middle ear, the sinuses, and the teeth. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    04 State when a pilot should seek medical advice from an aeromedical examiner (AME) or aeromedical centre (AeMC). Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    05 Describe the measures to prevent or clear problems due to pressure changes during flight. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 03 03 Problem areas for pilots (Entrapped gases and barotrauma)

    06 Define ‘barotrauma‘. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    07 Differentiate between otic, sinus, gastrointestinal and aerodontalgia (of the teeth) barotraumas and explain avoidance strategies. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    08 Explain why the effects of otic barotrauma can be worse in the descent. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 03 03 Problem areas for pilots (Gastrointestinal upsets)

    09 State the effects of gastrointestinal upsets that may occur during flight. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    10 List the precautions that should be observed to reduce the occurrence of gastrointestinal upsets. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    11 Indicate the major sources of gastrointestinal upsets. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 03 03 Problem areas for pilots (Obesity)

    12 Define 'obesity'. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    13 State the following harmful effects obesity can cause: possibility of developing coronary problems; increased chances of developing diabetes; reduced ability to withstand G-forces; general circulatory problems; reduced ability to cope with hypoxia; sleep apnoea. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 03 03 Problem areas for pilots (Food Hygiene and Nutrition)

    17 List the major contaminating sources in foodstuffs. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    19 State the measure to avoid hypoglycaemia. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    20 State the importance of adequate hydration. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 03 03 Problem areas for pilots (Infectious diseases)

    24 State the major infectious diseases that may severely incapacitate or kill individuals. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    25 State the precautions that must be taken to ensure that disease-carrying insects are not transported between areas. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 03 04 Intoxication (Tobacco)

    01 State the harmful effects of tobacco on: the respiratory system; the cardiovascular system; the ability to resist hypoxia; the ability to withstand G-forces; night vision. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 03 04 Intoxication (Caffeine)

    02 Indicate the level of caffeine dosage at which performance is degraded. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    03 Besides coffee, indicate other beverages containing caffeine. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 03 04 Intoxication (Alcohol and drugs)

    p01 Explain when the use of psychoactive substances, taking into consideration their effects, by flight crew members is prohibited. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    04 State the maximum limit of alcohol for flight crew according to the applicable regulations. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    05 State the effects of consuming alcohol on: the ability to reason; inhibitions and self-control; vision; the sense of balance and sensory illusions; sleep patterns; hypoxia. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    06 State the effects alcohol may have if consumed together with other drugs. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    07 List the signs and symptoms of alcoholism. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    09 Define the ‘unit’ of alcohol and state that one glass of alcoholic beverage does not always equate one unit of alcohol. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 03 04 Intoxication (Prescription medication and self-medication)

    12 State the dangers associated with the use of non-prescription medication. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    13 State the side effects of common non-prescription medication used to treat colds, flu, hay fever and other allergies, especially medicines containing antihistamine preparations. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    14 Interpret the rules relevant to using (prescription or non-prescription) medication that the pilot has not used before. Tax: R, PPLA, PPLH
    15 Interpret the general rule that ‘if a pilot is so unwell that they require any medication, then they should consider themselves unfit to fly’. Tax: R, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 02 03 04 Intoxication (Various toxic gases and materials)

    16 List those materials present in an aircraft which may, when uncontained, cause severe health problems. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH

Eindterm 040 03 00 00 Basic aviation psychology

040 03 01 00 Human information processing

  • 040 03 01 01 Attention and vigilance

    01 Differentiate between ‘attention’ and ‘vigilance’. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    02 Differentiate between ‘selected’ and ‘divided’ attention. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    03 Define ‘hypovigilance’. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    04 Identify the factors that may affect the state of vigilance. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    05 List the factors that may forestall hypovigilance during flight. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    06 Indicate the signs of reduced vigilance. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    07 List the factors that affect a person's level of attention. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 03 01 02 Perception

    01 Name the basis of the perceptual process. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    02 Describe the mechanism of perception (‘bottom-up’/’top down’ process). Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    03 Illustrate why perception is subjective and state the relevant factors that influence interpretation of perceived information. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    04 Describe some basic perceptual illusions. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    06 Give examples where perception plays a decisive role in flight safety. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    07 Stress how persuasive and believable mistaken perception can manifest itself both for an individual and a group. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 03 01 03 Memory

    01 Explain the link between the types of memory (to include sensory, working/short-term and long-term memory). Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    02 Describe the differences between the types of memory in terms of capacity and retention time. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    03 Justify the importance of sensory-store memories in processing information. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    04 State the average maximum number of separate items that may be held in working memory (5 ± 2). Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    05 Stress how interruption can affect the short-term/working memory. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    06 Give examples of items that are important for pilots to hold in working memory during flight. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    07 Describe how the capacity of the working-memory store may be increased. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    08 State the subdivisions of long-term memory and give examples of their content. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    09 Explain that skills are kept primarily in the long-term memory. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    11 Name the common problems with both the long- and short-term memories and the best methods to try and counteract them. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH

040 03 02 00 Human error and reliability

  • 040 03 02 01 Reliability of human behaviour

    01 Name and explain factors that influence human reliability. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 03 02 02 Mental models and situation awareness

    01 Define the term 'situation awareness'. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    02 List the cues that indicate the loss of situation awareness and name the steps to regain it. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    03 List the factors that influence one’s situation awareness both positively and negatively, and stress the importance of situation awareness in the context of flight safety, Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH

040 03 03 00 Decision making

  • 040 03 03 01 Decision-making concepts

    01 Define the term 'deciding' and 'decision making'. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    02 Describe the major factors on which a decision-making should be based during the course of a flight. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    03 Describe the main human attributes with regard to decision-making. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    04 Discuss the nature of bias and its influence on the decision-making process. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    05 Describe the main error sources and limits in an individual's decision making mechanism. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    06 State the factors upon which an individual's risk assessment is based. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    07 Explain the relationship between risk assessment, commitment and pressure of time in decision making strategies. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    09 Describe the positive and negative influences exerted by other group members on an individual's decision making process (risky shift). Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH

040 03 04 00 Avoiding and managing errors: cockpit management

  • 040 03 04 01 Safety awareness

    01 Justify the need for being aware of not only one's own performance but that of others before and during a flight and the possible consequences or risks. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 03 04 04 Communication

    01 Define the term 'communication'. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    05 Name the importance of non-verbal communication. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    06 Describe the general aspects of non-verbal communication. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    08 Describe the advantages of using standardized, ‘professional’ language/phraseology, especially in high workload situations. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH

040 03 05 00 Human behaviour

  • 040 03 05 01 Personality, attitude and behaviour

    01 Describe the factors that determine an individual's behaviour. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    02 Define and distinguish between ‘personality’, ‘attitude’, and ‘behaviour’. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    03 State the origin of personality and attitude. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    04 State that with behaviour good and bad habits can be formed. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    05 Explain how behaviour is generally a product of personality, attitude and the environment to which one was exposed atsignificant moments (childhood, schooling and training). Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 03 05 03 Identification of hazardous attitudes (error proneness)

    01 Explain dangerous attitudes in aviation: anti-authority; macho; impulsivity; invulnerability; resignation. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH

040 03 06 00 Human overload and underload

  • 040 03 06 01 Arousal

    01 Explain the term 'arousal'. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    02 Describe the relationship between arousal and performance. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    03 Explain the circumstances under which underload may occur and its possible dangers. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 03 06 02 Stress

    01 Explain the term 'stress' and why stress is a natural human reaction. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    02 State that the physiological response to stress is generated by the ‘fight or flight’ response. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    05 State the relationship between stress and performance. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    06 State the basic categories of stressors. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    14 Explain the relationship between stress and anxiety. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    16 State the general effect of acute stress on people. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    19 Explain the differences between psychological, psychosomatic and somatic stress reactions. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    20 Name the typical common physiological and psychological symptoms of human overload. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    21 Describe the effects of stress on human behaviour. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    22 Explain how stress is cumulative and how stress from one situation can be transferred to a different situation. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 03 06 05 Fatigue and stress management

    01 Explain the term ‘fatigue’ and differentiate between the two types of fatigue (short-term and chronic fatigue). Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    02 Name the causes of short-term and chronic fatigue. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    03 Identify the symptoms and describe the effects of fatigue. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    04 List the strategies that prevent or delay the onset of fatigue and hypovigilance. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    05 List and describe strategies for coping with stress factors and stress reactions. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    06 Distinguish between short-term and long-term methods of stress management. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    07 Give examples of short-term methods of stress management. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH
    08 Give examples of long-term methods of coping with stress. Tax: F, PPLA, PPLH

040 03 07 00 Advanced cockpit automation

  • 040 03 07 01 Advantages and disadvantages

    p01 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the use of automated cockpit systems, including for instance GPS, tablet computers, or glass cockpits. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH

  • 040 03 07 02 Automation complacency

    02 Explain some basic flight crew errors and terms that arise with the introduction of automation: passive monitoring; blinkered concentration; confusion; mode awareness. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH
    04 Describe ‘complacency’. Tax: B, PPLA, PPLH

Wijzigingen

  • Wijzigingen leerdoelen versie 01-07-2023 (t.o.v. versie 26-02-2019)

    040 02 01 01 P01 Vervangen State the effects of increasing altitude on the partial oxygen pressure in the atmosphere door State the effects of increasing altitude on the available amount of oxygen in the atmosphere.
    040 02 01 01 P02 Verwijderd State and explain the importance of partial pressure.
    040 02 01 01 P02 Toegevoegd Describe the proportions of the most important gases in the air in the atmosphere.
    040 02 01 02 04 Toegevoegd Describe the basic processes of external respiration and internal respiration.
    040 02 01 02 07 Vervangen State the values for a normal pulse rate and the average cardiac output (heart rate x stroke volume) of an adult at rest door State the values for a normal pulse rate of an adult at rest.
    040 02 01 02 11 Verwijderd Stress the function of haemoglobin in the circulatory system.
    040 02 01 02 Verwijderd ‘and hypotension’
    040 02 01 02 14 Verwijderd ‘and hypotension’
    040 02 01 02 16 Verwijderd ‘both hypotension and’
    040 02 01 02 Vervangen ‘artery’ door ‘heart’
    040 02 01 02 46 Vervangen z-acceleration door g-forces
    040 02 01 02 49 Verwijderd State how carbon monoxide is produced
    040 02 01 02 P01 Toegevoegd Describe possible actions to take, when suspecting hypoxia.
    040 02 01 02 P02 Toegevoegd State common sources of carbon monoxide in an aircraft.
    040 02 02 04 05 Verwijderd State the decibel level of received noise that will cause NIHL.
    040 02 03 00 Vervangen hygiene door personal fitness
    040 02 03 03 Vervangen ‘food and nutrition’ door ‘food hygiene and nutrition’
    040 02 03 03 16 Verwijderd Stress the importance of and methods to be adopted by aircrew, especially when travelling abroad, to avoid contaminated food and liquids.
    040 02 03 03 17 Toegevoegd List the major contaminating sources in foodstuffs.
    040 02 03 03 Toegevoegd Infectious diseases
    040 02 03 03 24 Toegevoegd State the major infectious diseases that may severely incapacitate or kill individuals.
    040 02 03 03 25 Toegevoegd State the precautions that must be taken to ensure that disease-carrying insects are not transported between areas.
    040 02 03 04 Toegevoegd ‘and drugs’
    040 02 03 04 P01 Toegevoegd Explain when the use of psychoactive substances, taking into consideration their effects, by flight crew members is prohibited.
    040 02 03 04 04 Verwijderd acceptable
    040 02 03 04 09 Vervangen Define the ‘unit’ of alcohol and state approximate elimination rate from the blood door Define the ‘unit’ of alcohol and state that one glass of alcoholic beverage does not always equate one unit of alcohol.
    040 02 03 04 Vervangen Prescription and non-prescription drugs and self-medication door Prescription medication and self-medication
    040 02 03 04 10 Verwijderd State the maximum daily and weekly intake of units of alcohol which may be consumed without causing damage to organs and systems in the body.
    040 02 03 04 Vervangen Prescription and non-prescription drugs and self-medication door Prescription medication and self-medication
    040 02 03 04 12 Vervangen drugs door medication
    040 02 03 04 13 Vervangen drugs door medication
    040 02 03 04 14 Vervangen drugs door medication
    040 02 03 04 15 Vervangen drugs door medication
    040 02 03 04 16 Toegevoegd List those materials present in an aircraft which may, when uncontained, cause severe health problems.
    040 03 04 04 08 Toegevoegd Describe the advantages of using standardized, ‘professional’ language/phraseology, especially in high workload situations.
    040 03 06 02 24 Verwijderd Describe the effect of human underload/overload on effectiveness in the flight crew compartment.
    040 03 07 02 02 Toegevoegd Explain some basic flight crew errors and terms that arise with the introduction of automation: passive monitoring; blinkered concentration; confusion; mode awareness.

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